Poultry Erysipelas Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Erysipelas is an acute to chronic bacterial disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming rod. This disease is of significant economic importance in poultry production, particularly in turkeys, which are the most commonly affected species. The disease has re-emerged in recent years with the transition from conventional cage to cage-free and free-range production systems. Erysipelas is also a zoonotic disease, causing erysipeloid in humans, making it an important One Health concern.

Etiology

Causative Agent

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the sole pathogenic species of the Erysipelothrix genus affecting avian hosts. This ubiquitous bacterium is found worldwide and can persist in soil for prolonged periods, especially in alkaline conditions.

Microbiological Characteristics

Epidemiology

Species Susceptibility

Turkeys are the most economically important poultry species affected, although outbreaks occur in chickens, ducks, geese, and other avian species. The disease is more common in birds after the onset of sexual maturity. Male turkeys (toms) may be more susceptible due to fighting injuries that serve as portals of entry.