Ovine and Caprine Hoof and Claw Disorders – NAVLE Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Hoof and claw disorders represent one of the most economically significant health challenges in small ruminant production worldwide. Lameness affects animal welfare, reduces productivity (weight gain, milk production, reproductive performance), and increases labor and treatment costs. These conditions are frequently tested on the NAVLE due to their clinical importance and the need for accurate differential diagnosis.

The most common causes of lameness in sheep and goats include infectious diseases (footrot, CODD, foot scald) and non-infectious conditions (white line disease, toe granuloma, hoof overgrowth). Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of these conditions is essential for effective flock/herd management.

Hoof Anatomy and Terminology

Small ruminants have cloven hooves consisting of two separate digits (claws) on each foot. Each claw has a hard outer hoof wall made of keratin, a softer sole, and an interdigital space between the digits. Understanding this anatomy is essential for diagnosing and treating hoof disorders.