Feline Urolithiasis Study Guide
Overview and Clinical Importance
Urolithiasis refers to the formation of uroliths (stones) within the urinary tract. In cats, urolithiasis affects approximately 10-25% of cats with lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) and represents a significant category of feline urinary pathology on the NAVLE. Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of different urolith types is essential for clinical practice.
Feline uroliths form primarily in the urinary bladder (cystoliths) but can also occur in the kidneys (nephroliths), ureters (ureteroliths), and urethra (urethroliths). The two most common urolith types in cats are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxalate, together accounting for approximately 85-90% of all feline uroliths.
Pathophysiology of Urolith Formation
Uroliths form when urine becomes supersaturated with crystal precursors. The formation process involves:
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