Camelidae and Cervidae Sunburn Study Guide
Sunburn (solar dermatitis or actinic dermatitis) and photosensitization are important integumentary conditions affecting camelids…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Ulcerative Pododermatitis – NAVLE Study Guide
Ulcerative pododermatitis is an inflammatory and infectious condition affecting the foot pads and interdigital skin of camelids (…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Papillomatosis – NAVLE Study Guide
Papillomatosis refers to viral-induced proliferative skin lesions caused by members of the Papillomaviridae family.
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Mycoplasma haemolamae – NAVLE Study Guide
Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae (CMh), formerly known as Eperythrozoon species or "EPE," is a hemotropic mycoplasma (hemoplasma)…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Hyperkeratosis – NAVLE Study Guide
Hyperkeratosis refers to the abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis.
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Idiopathic Hyperkeratosis Study Guide
Idiopathic hyperkeratosis (commonly called munge in New World Camelids) represents one of the most perplexing and commonly encoun…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Fungal Skin Diseases – NAVLE Study Guide
Fungal skin diseases in camelids (llamas, alpacas) and cervids (deer, elk) represent an important but often underdiagnosed catego…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Foot Mites (Chorioptes) Study Guide
Chorioptic mange (also called foot mange, leg mange, or itchy heel) is a common ectoparasitic skin disease caused by non-burrowin…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Dermatophilosis Study Guide
Dermatophilosis (also known as rain rot, rain scald, lumpy wool disease, or streptothricosis) is an important bacterial skin dise…
Read article →Camelidae and Cervidae Copper Deficiency – NAVLE Study Guide
Copper deficiency (hypocuprosis) is a significant nutritional disorder affecting camelids (llamas, alpacas, vicunas) and cervids …
Read article →Bovine Trauma and Skin Wounds – NAVLE Study Guide
Traumatic skin wounds are commonly encountered in bovine practice, resulting from barbed wire injuries, horn wounds, equipment in…
Read article →Bovine External Parasites Study Guide
External parasites (ectoparasites) of cattle represent a significant category of integumentary disease with major economic and we…
Read article →