NAVLE Integumentary

Feline Decubitus Ulcer Study Guide

Decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure ulcers, pressure sores, or bed sores) are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure, typically over bony prominences.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure ulcers, pressure sores, or bed sores) are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure, typically over bony prominences. In feline patients, these lesions are most commonly encountered in recumbent, paralyzed, or critically ill cats unable to reposition themselves. Understanding the pathophysiology, staging, prevention, and treatment is essential for the NAVLE.

While decubitus ulcers are more commonly tested in canine contexts due to higher incidence in large breed dogs, feline patients present unique challenges due to their smaller size, thinner skin, and tendency to hide illness. Cats recovering from spinal trauma, orthopedic surgery, or systemic diseases are particularly at risk.

High-YieldPrevention is always superior to treatment for decubitus ulcers. NAVLE questions often focus on identifying risk factors, implementing preventive measures, and recognizing early-stage lesions before progression.
Layer Clinical Significance in Pressure Injuries
Epidermis Outermost protective layer; first to show pressure damage (erythema, blister). Avascular - relies on diffusion from dermis.
Dermis Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles. Pressure-induced ischemia begins here. Stage 2 ulcers involve partial dermis loss.
Hypodermis Subcutaneous fat providing cushioning. Stage 3 ulcers extend into this layer. Cats with poor body condition have reduced protection.
Fascia/Muscle/Bone Stage 4 ulcers involve these deep structures. Osteomyelitis is a severe complication when bone is exposed.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Skin Anatomy Review

Understanding skin structure is fundamental to appreciating the progression of pressure injuries:

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