NAVLE Integumentary

Feline Diseases of Claws Study Guide

March 28, 2026 25 min read 21 views
Claw diseases in cats are relatively uncommon but clinically significant conditions that cause substantial pain and lameness.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Claw diseases in cats are relatively uncommon but clinically significant conditions that cause substantial pain and lameness. The unique anatomy of the feline claw, where the dermis and non-cornified epidermis lie between the keratinized claw horn and the bony third phalanx (P3), makes these conditions particularly painful. Toenail avulsion is among the top 10 pet accidents requiring veterinary care and represents a significant portion of integumentary emergencies in feline practice.

Unlike dogs, cats have retractable claws controlled by elastic dorsal ligaments and the deep digital flexor tendon. This mechanism predisposes them to unique injury patterns, particularly when claws become snagged in fabrics, carpet fibers, or tree bark during climbing and scratching activities.

Structure Description and Clinical Significance
Third Phalanx (P3) Distal phalanx with hook-like appearance; laterally compressed; closely attached to nail bed with minimal subcutis - infection can rapidly progress to osteomyelitis
Ungual Crest Crescent-shaped shelf of bone at base of P3 that overlies the root of the claw; contains germinal epithelium responsible for claw growth
Ungual Process Distal part of P3; compressed cone covered by the horny claw (keratin); porous with ridges on proximal dorsal surface
Claw Fold (Nail Fold) Skin surrounding the base of the claw; susceptible to infection (paronychia); "pocket" can trap foreign material and infectious agents
Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Attaches to flexor process of ungual crest; controls claw retraction; active contraction causes claw extension
Dorsal Elastic Ligaments Paired ligaments spanning from dorsal P2 to ungual crest; maintain claw in retracted (resting) position without muscle effort

Feline Claw Anatomy

Understanding claw anatomy is essential for diagnosing and treating claw diseases. The feline digit consists of three phalanges (P1, P2, P3), with the claw arising from the third (distal) phalanx.

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