NAVLE
Primates
Primate Tuberculosis Study Guide
Tuberculosis (TB) in nonhuman primates is a critical zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).
Overview and Clinical Importance
Tuberculosis (TB) in nonhuman primates is a critical zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). This chronic, progressive disease represents one of the most significant infectious threats in captive primate populations with approximately 75 percent of cases caused by M. tuberculosis from human transmission.
Etiology and Transmission
Causative Organisms
- M. tuberculosis - causes 75 percent of primate TB, primarily from human transmission
- M. bovis - less common, possible from infected milk or animal sources
- M. avium complex - can cause disease in immunocompromised primates
NAVLE TipM. tuberculosis is MOST common in primates (75 percent rule). Think M. tuberculosis first for imported primates or those with human contact.
Transmission
Primary route: Aerosol inhalation of infected droplets from respiratory secretions
Secondary routes: Ingestion (milk, contaminated food/water), direct contact, urinary shedding (rare)
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