Canine Nervous System Neoplasia Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Nervous system neoplasia represents a significant category of neurological disease in dogs, with intracranial tumors being one of the most common causes of new-onset neurological dysfunction in older dogs. Primary brain tumors account for approximately 2-5% of all canine cancers. Dogs are the only mammalian species besides humans in which spontaneous brain tumors arise frequently.

Approximately 90% of primary brain tumors (PBT) in dogs are represented by meningiomas (approximately 50%), gliomas (approximately 35%), and choroid plexus tumors (CPT; approximately 7%). Understanding the clinical presentation, breed predispositions, diagnostic approach, and treatment options is essential for NAVLE success.

Classification of CNS Neoplasia

Intracranial Tumor Classification

Spinal Tumor Classification

Primary Intracranial Tumors

Meningioma

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in dogs, accounting for approximately 50% of all primary brain tumors. They arise from arachnoid cap cells of the leptomeninges and are typically slow-growing extra-axial masses.