Feline Intervertebral Disc Disease Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is an uncommon but clinically significant neurological condition in cats, affecting the cushioning discs between vertebrae. While considerably rarer than in dogs (prevalence of 0.02-0.26% in cats versus 2-3.5% in dogs), feline IVDD represents an important differential diagnosis for cats presenting with spinal pain, ataxia, or hindlimb paresis.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Feline Spinal Anatomy

The feline vertebral column consists of 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 18-23 caudal vertebrae. Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous structures positioned between adjacent vertebral bodies. Each disc contains two main components: the central nucleus pulposus (gelatinous, water-rich core) and the outer annulus fibrosus (concentric rings of fibrocartilage).

Intervertebral Disc Components

Hansen Classification of Disc Disease

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Prevalence and Demographics

Feline IVDD has a reported prevalence of 0.02% to 0.26% in the general feline population. The median age at presentation is 8 years (range: 1.5-17 years). IVDD accounts for approximately 4-5% of feline spinal cord diseases.