Canine Fibrocartilaginous Embolism (FCE) Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), also known as fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM), is an acute, non-compressive, ischemic myelopathy caused by embolization of spinal cord vasculature with fibrocartilaginous material histologically identical to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. This condition represents the most common cause of ischemic myelopathy in dogs and is often described as a "spinal stroke."

FCE is a high-yield topic for the NAVLE because it requires integration of neuroanatomy, clinical reasoning, and differentiation from other acute myelopathies. Understanding FCE is essential for any veterinarian, as timely recognition and appropriate supportive care significantly impact patient outcomes.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Intervertebral Disc Anatomy

The intervertebral disc consists of two main components: the nucleus pulposus (central gelatinous core composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans, and 70-90% water) and the annulus fibrosus (outer fibrous ring of concentric lamellae containing type I collagen). The nucleus pulposus is the fibrocartilaginous material responsible for FCE. It is the remnant of the embryonic notochord and functions as a hydraulic cushion during axial loading.