Canine Discospondylitis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Discospondylitis (also spelled diskospondylitis) is an infection of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. It is a relatively common spinal disorder in dogs that can cause significant morbidity including severe pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis if left untreated. Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment protocols is essential for the NAVLE, as this condition frequently appears in board examinations.

The condition is most commonly caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant infection sites such as the urinary tract, oral cavity, skin, or heart valves. The lumbosacral junction (L7-S1) is the most frequently affected site, followed by thoracolumbar and cervical regions. Prompt recognition and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for successful outcomes.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Routes of Infection

Discospondylitis develops when infectious organisms gain access to the intervertebral disc space. The blood supply within the vertebral endplates consists of capillary beds with reduced blood flow velocity. Pores in the endplate that normally allow nutrient distribution also provide a route for organisms to enter the intervertebral disc. The minimal vascular supply of the intervertebral disc further enables infection establishment.