Canine Discospondylitis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Discospondylitis (also spelled diskospondylitis) is an infection of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. This condition represents a significant clinical entity in canine neurology and is commonly tested on the NAVLE. The infection typically develops secondary to hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant sites, though direct inoculation and migrating foreign bodies are also recognized routes. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment is essential for successful board examination performance and clinical practice.

Discospondylitis is predominantly a disease of dogs and is rare in cats. The condition carries significant morbidity if not diagnosed and treated promptly, potentially leading to permanent neurological dysfunction, pathologic fractures, or spinal cord compression. Early recognition and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are key to favorable outcomes.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Routes of Infection

Discospondylitis typically starts in the vertebral endplate, then spreads to the adjacent intervertebral disc. The blood supply within the vertebral endplates consists of capillary beds with reduced blood flow velocity. Pores in the endplate that normally allow nutrient distribution also provide a route for organisms to enter the intervertebral disc. The minimal vascular supply of the intervertebral disc further enables infection within the disc space.