Canine Decubitus Ulcer Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure sores, pressure ulcers, or bedsores) are localized skin and soft tissue injuries that develop over bony prominences due to sustained pressure, resulting in ischemia, tissue necrosis, and ulceration. In veterinary medicine, these lesions represent a significant management challenge, particularly in recumbent, paralyzed, or geriatric patients. Understanding the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of decubitus ulcers is essential for NAVLE success, as these conditions frequently appear in case-based questions involving neurologic patients, post-operative care, and wound management scenarios.

The term derives from the Latin decumbere meaning "to lie down." While pressure is the primary causative factor, additional elements including shear forces, friction, moisture, and patient factors contribute to ulcer development. Prevention remains the cornerstone of management, as treatment of established ulcers is often prolonged, costly, and may require surgical intervention.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Mechanism of Injury

Decubitus ulcers develop through a complex interaction of mechanical forces and tissue vulnerability. The primary mechanism involves sustained external pressure exceeding capillary closing pressure (approximately 32 mmHg in healthy tissue), leading to occlusion of blood vessels and subsequent tissue ischemia.