Canine Allergic Dermatitis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed, chronic inflammatory and pruritic skin disease with characteristic clinical features, most commonly associated with IgE antibodies directed against environmental allergens. It is one of the most common dermatological conditions encountered in small animal practice, affecting approximately 10-15% of the canine population. CAD significantly impacts the quality of life of affected dogs and their owners, requiring lifelong management in most cases.

Contact dermatitis is a less common hypersensitivity disorder that occurs when the skin directly contacts an irritating substance (irritant contact dermatitis) or an allergen that triggers an immune response (allergic contact dermatitis). Because the canine haircoat provides a protective barrier, contact dermatitis typically affects thinly-haired or glabrous skin areas.

Understanding the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment options for these conditions is essential for the NAVLE and clinical practice. This guide provides comprehensive coverage of both atopic and contact dermatitis in dogs.