NAVLE Behavior

Feline Housesoiling Study Guide

Feline housesoiling is the most common behavioral complaint among cat owners and a leading cause of feline relinquishment, abandonment, and euthanasia. It accounts for approximately 33-59% of feline behavioral referrals to veterinary behaviorists.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Feline housesoiling is the most common behavioral complaint among cat owners and a leading cause of feline relinquishment, abandonment, and euthanasia. It accounts for approximately 33-59% of feline behavioral referrals to veterinary behaviorists. According to the 2014 AAFP/ISFM Guidelines, the preferred term is "house-soiling" rather than "inappropriate elimination" because it implies no misconduct by the cat and encourages better owner compliance with treatment recommendations.

House-soiling encompasses two distinct categories: toileting problems (inappropriate urination and/or defecation outside the litter box) and marking behavior (urine spraying and middening). Distinguishing between these categories is essential for successful treatment, as the underlying motivations and therapeutic approaches differ significantly.

High-YieldHouse-soiling is the number one reason cats are relinquished to shelters. Always rule out medical causes FIRST before diagnosing a behavioral problem. A urinalysis is the minimum diagnostic for any cat presenting with inappropriate urination.
Category Definition Key Features
Medical Underlying disease causing polyuria, dysuria, diarrhea, or constipation FIC, UTI, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, CKD, IBD, arthritis
Litter Box Aversion/Preference Cat avoids box or prefers alternative substrate/location Eliminates near but not in box; straddling; foot shaking; specific surface preference
Environmental/Social Stressors or intercat conflict affecting elimination Multi-cat households; resource guarding; changes in household; outdoor cat threats
Marking Behavior Communication through urine (spraying) or feces (middening) Vertical surfaces; small amounts; tail quivering; socially significant locations

Classification of Feline House-Soiling

House-soiling is classified into four main diagnostic categories per the 2014 AAFP/ISFM Guidelines:

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