Feline Congenital Musculoskeletal Disorders Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Congenital and developmental musculoskeletal disorders in cats represent an important category of orthopedic disease that veterinarians must recognize. While less common than in dogs, conditions such as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calve-Perthes disease) and osteochondrosis (OC)/osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can cause significant pain and lameness in affected cats. Additionally, spontaneous capital physeal fractures and femoral neck metaphyseal osteopathy are unique feline conditions that affect young, neutered male cats and are increasingly recognized in clinical practice.

Understanding the pathophysiology, signalment, clinical presentation, and treatment options for these conditions is essential for the NAVLE examination and clinical practice.

Section 1: Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease)

Definition and Pathophysiology

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), also known as aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head, is a condition affecting the blood supply to the femoral head, which is the "ball" portion of the hip joint. When blood flow to the femoral head is disrupted, the bone undergoes ischemic necrosis, leading to collapse, deformity, and secondary osteoarthritis.