Rabbit Coccidiosis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Coccidiosis is a highly significant parasitic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. It represents one of the most important health challenges in rabbits worldwide, affecting both commercial operations and pet rabbits. The disease can be subclinical or cause devastating mortality, particularly in young, recently weaned rabbits. Eleven species of Eimeria have been identified in domestic rabbits, with varying pathogenicity. Coccidiosis is classified into two forms: hepatic coccidiosis (caused by Eimeria stiedae) and intestinal coccidiosis (caused by 10 other species).

It is critical to distinguish between infection (presence of coccidia, which is common) and coccidiosis (overt disease, which is less frequent but serious). Many healthy adult rabbits can carry coccidia and shed oocysts without developing clinical signs, yet they can serve as reservoirs and infect young rabbits.

Etiology and Classification

Eimeria Species in Rabbits

Eleven Eimeria species are recognized in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). These species are host-specific and monoxenous (single host life cycle). The species vary greatly in pathogenicity and target organ.