Equine Peritonitis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the serous membranes lining the peritoneal cavity. In horses, this condition represents a life-threatening emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and aggressive treatment. The peritoneum serves as a lubricating membrane covering abdominal organs, and its inflammation leads to significant systemic consequences including endotoxemia, sepsis, and potentially death. Understanding peritonitis is essential for NAVLE success as it integrates knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and emergency medicine.

Survival rates for horses with peritonitis vary widely (50-70%) depending on the underlying cause, with gastrointestinal rupture carrying a grave prognosis, while idiopathic peritonitis and Actinobacillus equuli peritonitis generally respond favorably to medical treatment.

Classification of Peritonitis

Peritonitis is classified according to multiple parameters including etiology, infectious status, distribution, and chronicity. Understanding these classifications helps guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.