Equine Ovarian Abnormalities: Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor – NAVLE Study Guide
Overview and Clinical Importance
Granulosa-theca cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common ovarian neoplasms in mares, representing approximately 2.5 to 5 percent of all equine tumors and more than 85 percent of ovarian tumors in horses. These
sex cord-stromal tumors arise from granulosa cells alone or in combination with theca cells. While nearly always benign and unilateral, GCTs significantly impact mare behavior, reproductive performance, and athletic ability through abnormal hormone production. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and surgical management of GCTs is essential for NAVLE candidates, as these tumors present with highly testable clinical scenarios involving hormonal disturbances and behavioral changes.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Tumor Origin and Classification
Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary develop from granulosa cells, which are normally responsible for supporting oocyte development and producing estrogen. When theca cells are also present, the tumor is specifically termed a
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