NAVLE Multisystemic

Equine Hyperlipidosis (Donkeys) – NAVLE Study Guide

March 28, 2026 25 min read 12 views
Hyperlipidosis (hyperlipemia/hyperlipaemia) is the most common metabolic disorder in donkeys and a life-threatening condition frequently tested on NAVLE.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Hyperlipidosis (hyperlipemia/hyperlipaemia) is the most common metabolic disorder in donkeys and a life-threatening condition frequently tested on NAVLE. It is characterized by abnormally elevated blood triglyceride concentrations resulting in multiorgan fat infiltration. Donkeys are uniquely predisposed due to evolutionary adaptation to harsh environments, making them extremely efficient at energy storage and mobilization. Unlike horses, donkeys cannot efficiently regulate fat mobilization during negative energy balance, leading to excessive triglyceride accumulation.

Prevalence ranges from 3-5% in general populations to 11-18% in hospitalized patients. Mortality rates remain high (43-80%) despite treatment, making early recognition and aggressive intervention essential.

High-YieldDonkeys are NOT small horses! They have inherent insulin resistance, higher baseline triglycerides (up to 150 mg/dL normal vs less than 50 mg/dL in horses), and uniquely efficient hepatic triglyceride synthesis. ANY sick or anorexic donkey should be considered at risk for hyperlipidosis.
Term Definition
Hypertriglyceridemia Elevated triglycerides greater than 100-200 mg/dL without visible lipemia
Hyperlipidemia Triglycerides 200-500 mg/dL; no gross lipemia
Hyperlipemia (Clinical Disease) Triglycerides greater than 500 mg/dL with visible lipemia (milky serum) and organ infiltration
Severe Hypertriglyceridemia Greater than 1000-1200 mg/dL; associated with near 100% mortality
Hepatic Lipidosis Fatty infiltration of liver causing hepatocyte dysfunction; most common organ affected

Key Terminology and Definitions

Board Tip - Memory Aid "DONKEY" for Risk Factors:

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