Equine Flexural Deformities Study Guide
Overview and Clinical Importance
Flexural limb deformities (FLDs) are deviations in the sagittal plane characterized by abnormal flexion or extension of joints. These conditions are frequently encountered in equine practice, particularly in neonatal foals and rapidly growing young horses. FLDs represent a significant category of developmental orthopedic disease on the NAVLE and require thorough understanding of anatomy, pathophysiology, and treatment options.
FLDs are divided into two main categories: contractural deformities (hyperflexion, commonly called "contracted tendons") and hyperextension deformities (flexor tendon laxity). Both types can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing later in life).
Anatomy Review
Understanding the anatomy of the equine distal limb is essential for diagnosing and treating flexural deformities. The key structures include:
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