Equine Angular Limb Deformities Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Angular limb deformities (ALDs) are lateral or medial deviations of the limb in the frontal (dorsal) plane, commonly affecting young foals. These deformities represent a significant category of developmental orthopedic disease and are frequently tested on the NAVLE. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are critical for achieving optimal limb alignment and preventing long-term complications such as osteoarthritis and poor athletic performance.

ALDs are among the most common orthopedic conditions in foals, with carpal valgus being the most prevalent presentation. The condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developing as the foal grows). Understanding the pathophysiology, timing of growth plate closure, and treatment options is essential for veterinary practitioners.

Terminology and Classification

Defining Valgus and Varus

ALDs are named by the joint where deviation occurs and direction distal to that point. Valgus = lateral (outward) deviation distal to the affected joint. Varus = medial (inward) deviation distal to the affected joint.