Canine Pyometra and Metritis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Pyometra and metritis are critical uterine infections in intact female dogs that represent veterinary emergencies requiring prompt recognition and treatment. Pyometra is defined as the accumulation of purulent material within the uterine lumen, typically occurring during or after diestrus in non-pregnant bitches. Metritis is acute inflammation and infection of the uterus occurring in the immediate postpartum period, usually within 1-2 weeks after whelping.

Both conditions can progress to life-threatening sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction if left untreated. Pyometra affects up to 25% of intact female dogs by 10 years of age, making it one of the most common reproductive disorders encountered in small animal practice and a high-yield topic for the NAVLE examination.

Pyometra

Definition and Epidemiology

Pyometra (literally meaning "pus in the uterus") is an infectious and inflammatory disorder of the uterus characterized by bacterial infection and accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterine lumen. It is the most prevalent reproductive disease in intact female dogs.