NAVLE Reproductive

Canine Pseudopregnancy Study Guide

Pseudopregnancy (also known as pseudocyesis, false pregnancy, or phantom pregnancy) is a physiological syndrome characterized by physical and behavioral signs similar to those observed during a normal pregnancy in non-pregnant intact bitches.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Pseudopregnancy (also known as pseudocyesis, false pregnancy, or phantom pregnancy) is a physiological syndrome characterized by physical and behavioral signs similar to those observed during a normal pregnancy in non-pregnant intact bitches. This condition represents a unique aspect of canine reproductive physiology that distinguishes dogs from most other domestic species.

Physiologically, all non-pregnant bitches are "pseudopregnant" at the end of diestrus because the corpus luteum remains functional for approximately the same duration whether or not conception occurs (approximately 60-65 days). However, the clinical manifestation and severity of signs varies tremendously among individual dogs, with some showing no overt signs while others develop conspicuous physical and behavioral changes.

High-YieldPseudopregnancy occurs in 50-75% of intact bitches at some point in their lives. Understanding this condition is essential for NAVLE because it requires differentiation from true pregnancy, pyometra, and mammary neoplasia.
Phase Duration Hormonal and Clinical Features
Proestrus 5-20 days (avg 9) Rising estrogen; vulvar swelling; serosanguinous discharge; attracts males but refuses mating
Estrus 5-15 days (avg 9) LH surge triggers ovulation; declining estrogen, rising progesterone; receptive to mating; ovulation 2-3 days post-LH surge
Diestrus 60-90 days Elevated progesterone (peak at day 25); functional corpus luteum; progesterone decline at end triggers prolactin surge; PSEUDOPREGNANCY OCCURS HERE
Anestrus 80-240 days Quiescent phase; low hormone levels; uterine involution (approximately 120 days)

Pathophysiology

The Unique Canine Estrous Cycle

The canine estrous cycle is unique among domestic species and is fundamental to understanding pseudopregnancy. Dogs are monoestrous with a non-seasonal cycle averaging 6-7 months (range: 5-12 months). The cycle consists of four phases:

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