Canine Pneumonia Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Pneumonia is inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma (small airways, interstitium, and alveoli) that results in respiratory disturbance and is a common clinical diagnosis in dogs. Pneumonia can be caused by aspiration of gastric contents, bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or protozoa. Understanding the different types, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities is essential for the NAVLE, as pneumonia-related questions frequently appear in the exam.

The prognosis for bacterial and aspiration pneumonia is generally good with appropriate treatment, with reported survival rates of 77% to 88%. However, fungal pneumonias require prolonged treatment courses and have more variable outcomes depending on the extent of disease.

Classification of Canine Pneumonia

Pneumonia in dogs is classified by etiology. Understanding the different types is critical for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.