NAVLE Gastrointestinal and Digestive

Canine Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis Study Guide

Periodontal disease is the most common disease diagnosed in dogs, affecting approximately 80% of dogs over 2 years of age.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Periodontal disease is the most common disease diagnosed in dogs, affecting approximately 80% of dogs over 2 years of age. This inflammatory condition of the supporting structures of the teeth (the periodontium) progresses from reversible gingivitis to irreversible periodontitis if left untreated. Understanding the pathophysiology, staging, diagnosis, and treatment is essential for the NAVLE.

Periodontal disease is significantly underdiagnosed in primary care. Visual assessment of conscious dogs reveals diagnosis rates of only 9-18%, while examinations under anesthesia show prevalence of 44-100%. This diagnostic gap highlights the silent progression of periodontal disease.

Tooth Type Function Number of Roots Clinical Note
Incisors Tearing, nibbling, grooming 1 root First affected in toy breeds
Canines Grabbing, tearing, protection 1 root (very long) High jaw fracture risk in small dogs
Premolars Holding, carrying, shearing P1: 1; P2-P3: 2; P4: 3 (max), 2 (mand) Furcation disease common
Molars Grinding Max: 3; Mand M1-M2: 2; M3: 1 Carnassials commonly fractured

Canine Dental Anatomy

Dental Formula

Adult dogs have 42 permanent teeth: 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars, and 10 molars. The dental formula is 2(I3/I3, C1/C1, P4/P4, M2/M3).

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