NAVLE Reproductive

Canine Mastitis Study Guide

Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland, most commonly caused by bacterial infection. It predominantly affects postpartum lactating bitches but can also occur in non-pregnant dogs with galactorrhea (pseudopregnancy).

Overview and Clinical Importance

Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland, most commonly caused by bacterial infection. It predominantly affects postpartum lactating bitches but can also occur in non-pregnant dogs with galactorrhea (pseudopregnancy). The condition ranges from subclinical with minimal signs to severe gangrenous mastitis that can progress to septic shock and death. With a reported prevalence of approximately 0.71% to 13.2% in postpartum bitches, mastitis represents an important reproductive emergency requiring prompt recognition and treatment.

The condition threatens both the dam and her nursing puppies, making it a critical topic for the NAVLE examination. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options is essential for successful management of this common condition.

Mammary Gland Primary Drainage Clinical Significance
M1, M2 Axillary lymph nodes Infection may spread cranially
M3 Axillary AND/OR inguinal Variable drainage pattern
M4, M5 Superficial inguinal lymph nodes Most commonly affected glands

Canine Mammary Gland Anatomy

Dogs typically possess five pairs (10 total) of mammary glands arranged in two parallel chains extending from the thorax to the inguinal region. The glands are designated as:

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