Canine Mammary Gland Tumors – NAVLE Study Guide
Overview and Clinical Importance
Mammary gland tumors (MGTs) are the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs, representing 50-70% of all tumors diagnosed in unspayed bitches. They are the second most common tumor in dogs overall (after skin tumors). Understanding the epidemiology, classification, staging, treatment options, and prognosis is essential for NAVLE success and clinical practice.
Approximately 50% of mammary tumors are malignant, and of those malignant tumors, about 50% will metastasize and cause patient death within 1-2 years if not treated. The most common sites of metastasis include regional lymph nodes and lungs.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Patient Demographics
Age: Mean age of presentation is 10-11 years (range 5-15 years). Tumors are rare in dogs younger than 5 years.
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