Canine Intussusception Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Intussusception is the invagination (or telescoping) of one segment of the gastrointestinal tract into the lumen of an adjacent segment. The invaginated segment is termed the intussusceptum, while the enveloping outer segment is called the intussuscipiens. This condition represents a surgical emergency in veterinary medicine because it leads to intestinal obstruction, compromised blood supply, tissue necrosis, and potentially life-threatening peritonitis if left untreated.

Intussusception is a common cause of bowel obstruction in small animals and is most frequently encountered in young dogs (less than 1 year of age). The condition requires rapid recognition and surgical intervention for optimal patient outcomes. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and surgical management is essential for NAVLE success.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Mechanism of Intussusception

Intussusception occurs when there is abnormal intestinal motility characterized by a segment of hypermotile bowel adjacent to a segment with decreased motility (ileus). The hypermotile segment telescopes into the adjacent relaxed segment, typically in the direction of normal peristalsis (normograde or direct intussusception). Retrograde intussusception can occur but is less common.