Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), commonly known as "bloat" or "gastric torsion," is an acute, life-threatening emergency characterized by rapid gastric distension with gas and fluid, followed by rotation of the stomach along its mesenteric axis. GDV primarily affects large- and giant-breed dogs with deep, narrow chests and represents one of the most time-critical emergencies in veterinary medicine. Without immediate medical and surgical intervention, GDV is universally fatal.

The mortality rate remains 10-33% even with appropriate treatment. Understanding pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment is critical for NAVLE success and clinical practice.

Etiology and Risk Factors

The exact etiology is multifactorial, involving anatomical predisposition, gastric motility dysfunction, and environmental/dietary factors. Breed is the most significant risk factor.