NAVLE Special Senses

Canine Conjunctivitis Study Guide

March 28, 2026 25 min read 24 views
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and covering the sclera. It represents one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in canine practice.

Overview and Clinical Importance

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane lining the inner eyelids and covering the sclera. It represents one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in canine practice. The conjunctiva serves as a protective barrier against infections and foreign bodies while contributing to tear film production and ocular surface health.

Unlike feline conjunctivitis, which is predominantly infectious (primarily caused by feline herpesvirus-1), canine conjunctivitis is most commonly secondary to underlying conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), allergies, eyelid abnormalities, or systemic diseases. Primary bacterial conjunctivitis is exceedingly rare in dogs.

High-YieldFor NAVLE, remember that canine conjunctivitis is typically SECONDARY to an underlying cause. Always investigate for KCS (Schirmer tear test), eyelid abnormalities, or systemic disease. The most common mistake is treating bacterial conjunctivitis without identifying the primary etiology.
Type Characteristics Common Causes
Serous Clear, watery discharge; pink membranes; mild condition Allergens, wind/dust irritation, early viral infection
Mucoid Thick, ropy mucus; often sticks to cornea/conjunctiva Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS/dry eye)
Mucopurulent Yellow-green discharge; suggests bacterial involvement Secondary bacterial infection, chronic KCS, canine distemper
Follicular Enlarged lymphoid follicles on inner third eyelid; cobblestone appearance Chronic antigenic stimulation in young dogs; allergens, dust

Anatomy of the Conjunctiva

The conjunctiva is composed of three anatomical regions:

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