Canine Congenital Musculoskeletal Disorders Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Congenital musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant category of developmental orthopedic diseases in dogs commonly tested on the NAVLE. This guide covers two high-yield conditions: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) and osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Both affect young, growing dogs but have distinct breed predispositions, presentations, and treatments.

Part 1: Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD)

Definition and Synonyms

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a primary, idiopathic, noninflammatory degeneration of the femoral head and neck associated with ischemia and avascular necrosis of bone. Synonyms: Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, Perthes disease, Coxa plana.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

The exact cause is unknown, but a hereditary component is strongly suspected (autosomal recessive in Manchester Terriers and Toy Poodles).