Camelidae and Cervidae Uterine Torsion Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Uterine torsion is the rotation of the gravid uterus along its longitudinal axis. In camelids (llamas and alpacas), uterine torsion is one of the most common causes of dystocia requiring veterinary intervention, accounting for approximately 38% of cesarean sections. In cervids (deer and elk), dystocia is less common overall, but when it occurs, uterine torsion should remain a differential diagnosis. Understanding the unique anatomy and management of these species is critical for NAVLE success.

This condition presents a significant risk to both dam and offspring due to vascular compromise of the uterus leading to fetal hypoxia, uterine necrosis, and potentially maternal death if not corrected promptly.

Part 1: Uterine Torsion in Camelidae

Reproductive Anatomy Review

The reproductive tract of llamas and alpacas has several unique features that predispose them to uterine torsion: