NAVLE Gastrointestinal and Digestive

Camelidae and Cervidae Paratuberculosis Study Guide

Paratuberculosis (also known as Johne's disease) is a chronic, contagious, granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP).

Overview and Clinical Importance

Paratuberculosis (also known as Johne's disease) is a chronic, contagious, granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). This disease affects domestic and wild ruminants as well as camelids (llamas, alpacas, guanacos, vicuñas) and cervids (deer, elk, moose, reindeer). It is characterized by progressive weight loss, protein-losing enteropathy, and ultimately death. There is no effective treatment or cure.

Paratuberculosis is a WOAH-listed disease (World Organisation for Animal Health) with worldwide distribution. The disease has significant economic impact on livestock industries and has been proposed as a potential zoonotic agent linked to Crohn's disease in humans, though this association remains controversial.

High-YieldOn the NAVLE, remember that Johne's disease in camelids and cervids often presents with a more rapid disease course compared to cattle. Diarrhea is LESS commonly seen in these species - look for progressive weight loss and emaciation despite a normal appetite as the hallmark presentation.
Strain Type Primary Hosts Notes
Type C (Cattle) Cattle, goats, deer, camelids, wildlife Broad host range; most common in camelids and cervids
Type S (Sheep) Sheep primarily; reported in cervids and camelids More host-restricted; increasingly reported in other species
Type B (Bison) Bison, cattle, water buffalo, deer Indian Bison type predominant in parts of Asia

Etiology

Causative Agent

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a small, acid-fast, obligate intracellular pathogen that requires mycobactin J for growth in culture (mycobactin-dependent). Key characteristics include:

You've been studying hard

Create a free account to keep reading

Free accounts get 5 articles/day + daily practice question

Join 14,000+ vet students already studying with NavleExam.

No credit card needed — free account takes 30 seconds.

Create Free Account — Keep Reading Already have an account? Log in
or skip signup — just get daily questions

No spam. One question per day. Unsubscribe anytime.

NAVLE Exam Prep Platform

Everything you need to pass the NAVLE

10,000+ Practice Questions
Exam-style with full explanations
Past Exam Papers
Real previous exam questions
Flashcard Mode
Species & topic quick review
High-Yield Study Guides
What's actually on the exam
Start Free Trial → See Plans & Pricing No credit card required to start