Camelidae and Cervidae Gastrointestinal Parasites – NAVLE Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Gastrointestinal parasitism represents one of the most significant health challenges in both camelids (llamas, alpacas, vicunas, guanacos) and cervids (deer, elk, moose, reindeer). These parasites cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses through decreased production, poor growth rates, and death. Understanding the unique parasite-host relationships in these species is critical for NAVLE success, as these animals have distinct susceptibilities compared to traditional ruminants.

South American camelids (SACs) are increasingly popular in North America for fiber production, breeding, and as companion animals. Cervids are important both in wildlife populations and in farmed deer operations. Both groups share many parasites with domestic ruminants but also harbor species-specific pathogens that require specialized diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Part 1: Gastrointestinal Parasites of Camelidae

Nematode Parasites (Strongyles)

Camelids are susceptible to many of the same gastrointestinal nematodes that affect small ruminants. These parasites cause insidious disease often going unrecognized until severe clinical signs develop. The most clinically significant strongyle parasites in camelids include: