Camelidae and Cervidae Colic Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Colic in camelids (llamas, alpacas) and cervids (deer, elk) represents a significant clinical challenge due to their unique gastrointestinal anatomy. South American camelids (SAC) possess a three-compartment stomach system (C1, C2, C3) that differs substantially from true ruminants. Understanding these anatomical differences is essential for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Colic accounts for approximately 5% of camelid hospital admissions and can be responsible for up to 19% of camelid deaths.

The three major causes of colic covered in this guide include: C1 (first compartment) impaction, C3 (third compartment) ulcers, and phytobezoar obstruction. Each has distinct pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches that are commonly tested on the NAVLE examination.

Camelid Gastrointestinal Anatomy

Unlike true ruminants with four stomach compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum), camelids possess three gastric compartments designated C1, C2, and C3. Importantly, there is no omasum equivalent in camelids. Fermentative digestion occurs in C1, C2, and the cranial 80% of C3, while the distal 20% of C3 secretes hydrochloric acid (analogous to the abomasum).