Bovine Tuberculosis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic, infectious, granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). This disease represents a significant zoonotic concern and has major implications for public health, international trade, and herd management. The NAVLE frequently tests on bTB due to its regulatory importance, diagnostic challenges, and public health implications.

Understanding bTB is essential because it is a notifiable disease in most countries, requires mandatory testing for interstate and international movement of cattle, and has been the focus of eradication programs since 1917 in the United States. Despite near-eradication in developed countries, wildlife reservoirs (white-tailed deer, badgers, possums) continue to pose challenges for complete elimination.

Etiology

Causative Agent

Mycobacterium bovis is the primary etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis. Key characteristics include: