Bovine Trypanosomiasis Study Guide
Overview and Clinical Importance
African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT), also known as nagana, is a devastating protozoan disease of cattle caused by several species of Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). This disease represents one of the most significant constraints on livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa, causing annual economic losses estimated at over 1 billion USD.
The disease is characterized by intermittent fever, progressive anemia, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Trypanosomiasis affects the hemic and lymphatic systems through complex mechanisms involving immune-mediated hemolysis, erythrophagocytosis, and lymphoid hyperplasia followed by depletion.
Etiology and Classification
Bovine trypanosomiasis is caused by flagellated protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. The three most important species affecting cattle in Africa are:
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