Bovine Fractures Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Limb fractures are commonly encountered in bovine practice, particularly in young calves. Cattle are excellent orthopedic patients due to their remarkable bone healing potential, resistance to contralateral limb breakdown and stress laminitis, tolerance for external coaptation devices, and the significant amount of time they spend recumbent. The decision to treat fractures in cattle involves careful evaluation of economic value, treatment cost, fracture location, and prognosis. This guide covers the essential knowledge for the NAVLE examination regarding bovine fracture diagnosis, classification, treatment, and complications.

Epidemiology and Etiology

Fractures in cattle most commonly affect young stock, with etiology varying by age. In neonatal calves, dystocia and improper use of calving chains are the primary causes, particularly affecting the metacarpus and metatarsus. In older cattle, fractures typically result from slipping on hard or wet surfaces, mounting behavior, collisions, or becoming trapped in equipment.

Distribution of Fractures by Bone

Fracture Classification

Classification by Soft Tissue Status

Closed fractures: Skin integrity maintained; account for approximately 86% of bovine fractures. Better prognosis due to lower infection risk.