Bovine Calf Enteritis Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Calf enteritis (scours) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves worldwide, accounting for approximately 57% of pre-weaning deaths. This multifactorial disease complex involves viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens including Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Eimeria species. Understanding the age-specific etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches is essential for NAVLE success and clinical practice.

Age-Based Differential Diagnosis

The age of onset is one of the most critical factors in determining the etiology of calf diarrhea. This "age rule" is frequently tested on board examinations.

Viral Pathogens

Bovine Rotavirus (BRV)

Etiology: Group A rotavirus (most common), non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus of family Reoviridae. Highly stable in the environment.