Bovine Abomasal Disease Study Guide

Overview and Clinical Importance

Abomasal diseases are among the most economically significant gastrointestinal disorders affecting dairy cattle worldwide. The abomasum, or "true stomach," is susceptible to displacement, ulceration, and volvulus, with conditions occurring most frequently in high-producing dairy cattle during the periparturient period. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of these conditions is essential for the NAVLE examination and clinical practice.

The four-compartment ruminant stomach places the abomasum in a vulnerable position. Suspended loosely by the greater and lesser omentum, the abomasum can shift from its normal ventral position on the abdominal floor to either the left side (LDA) or right side (RDA), and may undergo life-threatening volvulus.

Section 1: Abomasal Displacement

Etiology and Risk Factors

The etiology of abomasal displacement is multifactorial, with decreased abomasal motility and gas accumulation playing central roles. The loosely suspended abomasum becomes displaced when hypomotility allows gas to accumulate, causing the organ to "float" dorsally.